Wireless access point (WAP) as name indicated is a device associated with wireless network. WAP connects the wireless communication devices to form a wireless local area network (WLAN). WAP is connected to the wired network through bus or connector. WAP allows data exchange (store, receive, and transmit) between wireless devices and wired devices. Wireless LAN adapters allow users to access the network.

WAP Specifications

WAP Specifications include WAP Interface type, technique to transfer data, data transfer rate, sensitivity, and maximum output power.

WAP Interface

Wireless access points come in two interfaces. One is internal that are the WAP cards and are attached to the computer through slots. Most commonly used WAP cards support ISA, PCI, and PCMCIA standards for notebook, desktop, or handheld computers. External WAPs are the modules that are connected to the computers through physical ports.

WAP Performance Specifications

WAP performance is evaluated on the bases of its sensitivity, maximum output power, number of channels, and data transfer rates. Maximum output power is the strength of the signals transmitted. The measurement of the weakest signal in the transmission is known as sensitivity. It is sensed by the receiver and measured in dBm. The receivers with the lowest sensitivity are considered to be the best. The number of receiving and transmitting channels of the WAP device defines total numbers of channels. Moreover some WAPs contain antennas for better reception or transmission.

WAP data transfer technique

WAPs use number of techniques to transfer data with least possible noise. The most common and useful is spread spectrum. Two types of spread spectrum are used. On is direct sequence spread spectrum and the other frequency hopping spread spectrum. Direct sequence spread spectrum reduces the localized frequency interferences. Frequency hopping spread spectrum divides the main channel in various channels. The signals do not remain in the one channel for longer time, which reduces any possible noise.

WAP security

Radio signals can go out of the buildings that may carry confidential information. So the security issue becomes a major concern associated with the wireless access points. Various encryption standards are available for WAPs. Wi-Fi Protected Access is one trusted encryption standard available in two modes as WPA and WPA2. IEEE 802.1x is a system for authentication offers enhanced security for both wireless and wired networks.

WAP Evolution

In early 2000s and late 1990s WAPs spread rapidly due to their low cost and easy installation. It provided a solution to remove the problems associated with category 5 cables used in Ethernet networks of that time. Cable stringing for LANs in schools, homes, or in business was another issue solved by WAPs. The greatest impact of WAPs was in industrial area. Employees now can carry Portable data terminals, integrating barcode readers, and wireless links to update the work in-progress in real time.

WAP Limitations

One issue associated with WAPs is the limited number of frequencies available for wireless communication. In a small network frequency is not a problem but in a larger network overlap can occur between wireless networks and cause interference.